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Galium spurium : ウィキペディア英語版 | Galium spurium
''Galium spurium'' or False Cleavers is a plant species of the Rubiaceae. It is widespread across Europe, Asia, Africa and Canada, and is naturalized in Australia.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕〔(Altervista Flora Italiana )〕〔Moss, E. H. 1983. Flora of Alberta (ed. 2) i–xii, 1–687. University of Toronto Press, Toronto.〕 It is considered a noxious weed in many places.〔(Wenming Zhang & K. L. Bailey. 2000. Biological Control of Cleavers (''Galium spurium'' and ''G. aparine'') with Pathogenic Fungi - Exploration and Discovery. Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana USA Neal R. Spencer (ed.). pp. 117-123 )〕 ''Galium spurium'' is an erect or reclining herb up to 50 cm tall. Stems are square in cross-section. Leaves are in whorls of 6-8, narrowly lanceolate. Flowers are in multi-flowered cymes or panicles, white or yellow-green.〔(Flora of China v 19 p 136, 猪殃殃 zhu yang yang ''Galium spurium'' )〕 ==Subspecies== Many varietal and subspecific names have been proposed, but at present (May 2014) only 3 are recognized:〔 *''Galium spurium'' subsp. ''africanum'' Verdc. - mountains of tropical and southern Africa; also Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Socotra *''Galium spurium'' subsp. ''ibicinum'' (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Ehrend. - Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan *''Galium spurium'' subsp. ''spurium'' - widespread
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